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Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 36, Case 103/(NY)1593 (interviewer G.A., type A4). Male, 43, Ukrainian, Tractor mechanic. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 35. 35

If the Soviet system falls and land is divided among the peasants, you will see another class of kulaks arising composed of those who work hardest and know farming. The present militia should remain. Every country needs its police force, and the militia in the Soviet Union is efficient.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 36, Case 103/(NY)1593 (interviewer G.A., type A4). Male, 43, Ukrainian, Tractor mechanic. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 37. 37

I remember that my father told me that even the NKVD was supporting and helping the kulaks. This question is difficult to answer, because so much will depend on the actions of the invading armies and of their leaders. If the Russian people

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 37, Case 622/(NY)1719 (interviewer W.T., type A4). Female, 53, Ukrainian, Kolkhoznik. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 7. 7

First, in the years 1930-1933, as the wife of a son of a former "kulak" who was sentenced to ten years of forced labor in the concentration camps of Siberia, I had not been eligible to become a member of the kolkhoz.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule B, Vol. 10, Case 22 (interviewer A.D.). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 1. 1

22 27 # 22 AD HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFUGEE INTERVIEW PROJECT B 6 -1- Date of Interview: 2 October 1950 As a kulak, and a Kalmyk to boot, I was sent to concerntration camps from 1929 to 1939. I spent these ten years in Archangel, Vorkuta, Vaigach, and Novaia Zenlia.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 1, Case 3 (interviewer H.B., type A3). Female, 30, Great Russian, Laboratory technician in Inst. for Fish Industries. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 32. 33

The slogans changed. The pact with Hitler shoed it clearly. "Get after the kulak", etc. The slogans changed so quickly, it was difficult to keep up with them.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule B, Vol. 1, Case 126 (interviewer H.D.). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 7. 5

I asked him if it made any difference if one of the new recruits had a past history of imprisonment in the Soviet Union and he said no, it didn't make any difference whether his father was a kulak or anything like that. If he fought, he was good enough for us. People who had sat in jail were not discriminated against at all. they fought very well.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule B, Vol. 22, Case 1379(NY) (interviewer M.F.). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 3. 2

I also got a job and then I entered the university but I found out that the authorities had news about me, about the fact that I was going under false documents and that they suspected me to be a kulak. I had a good friend in the secret section. At that time I was studying in the physicial-mathematic faculty. I liked this kind of work.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 36, Case 431/(NY)1684 (interviewer M.S., type A4). Female, 26, Great Russian, Student. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 26. 26

#431 MS HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFUGEE INTERVIEW PROJECT (26) (NY) 1684 Philosophy Section If the peasant had two cows, he was considered a "kulak". He was supposed to give one cow to the kolkhoz. He had his own shoes usually. They were plaited. He usually were no stockings but sort of bandaged his legs and feet with a strip of material.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 36, Case 487/(NY)1693 (interviewer A.V., type A4). Female, 39, Byelorussian, Medical laboratory worker. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 13. 13

For example, in the fifth and last year of the Medical Institute, students could be thrown out if and when it was discovered that they were children of priests, members of the intelligentsia or kulaks. I knew of such cases in 1935. (Here ends the first interview. I feel that the Respondent has been perfectly truthful throughout.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 33, Case 134/(NY)1368 (interviewer T.H., type A4). Female, 45, Great Russian, Typist. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 21. 21

Who his parents are would be the most decisive factor. Are his parents former kulaks or bourgeois or from an officer family? (czarist army officer.) In other words is his social background shady? And you may be quite sure that the NKVD will find out all there is to find out not only about the youngster's father but also all about his great-grandmother!