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RESULTS: 641 - 650 of 681

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 6, Case 85 (interviewer R.F., type A3). Female, 25, Great Russian. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 3. 3

Everybody could attend the 10-year-school, regardless of his past -- whether their parents had been kulaks or of whatever origin they might have been. In the fourth class I was taken into the Pioneers. This was in preparation for the Komsomol, of course.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 25, Case 492 (interviewer R.F., type A4). Male, 50, Ukrainian, Mechanic. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 31. 31

(When was it that you knew this family?) In 1933, when they were turning the kulaks out of the villages. The people in this family had once been wealthy - they had their land and a house - but then everything was taken away from them.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 31, Case 415/(NY)1035 (interviewer A.S., type A4). Male, 37, Great Russian, Aviation mechanic (flyer). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 39. 39

He finished the "Komsomol's" propaganda courses. During collectivization he took part in the liquidation of kulaks, spied on his friends and relatives and became well established in the Party. He later became head of a Region Committee of the Party.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 21, Case 432 (interviewer J.R., type A4). Male, 29, Great Russian, Normirovshchik in MTS. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 3. 3

I studied electrical work in this school and I finished it in April of 1939 and then I worked there as an apprentice for six months. Most of the workers in that factory were former kulaks because that was in Cheliabinsk. In December of 1939 at the time of the Finnish war it was difficult to obtain products and one had to stand in line some times for twenty four hours because simply there was not enough food available.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 22, Case 449 (interviewer S.H., type A4). Female, 28, Great Russian, Student before the War. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 24. 24

# 449 SH HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFUGEE INTERVIEW PROJECT 24 Ideology Section The first strong influences on the respondent were entire anti-Soviet. The family was de-kulakized. The respondent had to experience a childhood and a youth of poverty as the result of the effects of the Soviet regime on the family.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule B, Vol. 7, Case 23 (interviewer M.L.). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 15. 13

Some of our old folk-songs were forbidden by the Soviets, especially those, singing about God and the old Kalmyk tears and princes. For example, at the time of collectivisation, one of the kulaks escaped the Soviets. The people secretly composed a song, praising his f[[illegible]]. In 1935 he was captured and shot. Some of the songs, forbidden by the Soviets, are the following: "Khaalge" which is a person's name and means "road".

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 32, Case 91/(NY)1124 (interviewer M.S., type A4). Female, 56, Great Russian, Stenographer. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 51. 51

People do not realize that in the Soviet Union the equality which exists is the equality of beggars. The poor people here would be considered kulaks there. I knew no one who had a car. Many highranking people could use a car but they could not own a car. Occasionally someone would get a car as a prize but usually those people would end up in jail and the car would be taken away

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule B, Vol. 7, Case 135 (interviewer M.L.). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 11. 11

#135 ML HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFUGEE INTERVIEW PROJECT -11- Nationalities B Schedule were equal, why then, asked the Soviets, should there be national units. In 1937, with the liquidation of the Kulaks as a class, there was a hastening to liquidate the national units. The national units were abolished with the Soviets using the following rationals: since there is a single Red Army and one Soviet Union, then all of the peoples of the Soviet Union should be united into one international army.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 34, Case 148/(NY)1398 (interviewer W.T., type A4). Female, 45, Ukrainian, Railroad worker. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 17. 17

They were simple, industrious people but they were the sons of "kulaks"; really they belonged to the middle peasantry. The reason for their arrest is unknown to me. I think there was no reason. They were banished to Tomsk in Siberia.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 34, Case 148/(NY)1398 (interviewer W.T., type A4). Female, 45, Ukrainian, Railroad worker. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 30. 30

But, generally, people in the Soviet Union worked hard and were silent; they were afraid to talk too much or to ask for some information because of the common terror and because many Soviet agents and spies were among the people. Especially former "kulaks" people like my husband and me, were silent and worked hard. As I told you, I read the newspapers very rarely because I knew that in the newspapers there was only Soviet propaganda.