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Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 19, Case 357 (interviewer J.O., type A4). Male, 68, Ukrainian, Peasant. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 11. 11

In most cases the parents, who may be kulaks, are sent to Siberia, and their children are left without a family, or in some other way the family is broken up. (a) All kulak families are all the same. (Which of these three examples come close to describing your family?) None of them. It's the same as above

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 16, Case 306 (interviewer R.F., type A4). Female, 61, Great Russian, Doctor: gynecologist. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 22. 22

If he does not hide the fact that he is a kulak, he will live in inhuman conditions, absolutely unsanitary. (Probe F) In my opinion, no. In this respect all people are the same.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 5, Case 54 (interviewer M.F., type A3). Male, 57, Cossack, Peasant. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 3. 3

(4) The artel was commanded by a NKVD man; it was organized like a kolkhoze, although not according to law. The orders were given to a former kulak, the executive, who passed them on to the brigadiers and then the orders came to us. I was at the lowest point. (5) (a) He had to exactly follow all directives of the NKVD.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 7, Case 99 (interviewer K.G., type A4). Male, 41, Ukrainian, Foreman. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 3. 3

Then I had to leave because they found out that my father had been de-kulakized. They gave me a clean record (spravka), because I left on my own accord. If I had waited for them to fire me, they would have noted on my record that my father was de-kulakized.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 20, Case 393 (interviewer J.O., type A4). Female, 23, Great Russian, Student. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 10. 10

No, because he had no money and because of the trouble about his grandfather who had been a kulak. (If you had a plead to enter the Technikum would you have had difficulty because of the fact of your grandfather had been a kulak?)

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 15, Case 285 (interviewer M.F., type A4). Male, 68, Ukrainian, Brigadier in kolkhoz. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 18. 19

Yes he had horses, cows, etc. (That is, under the Soviets he was considered as a kulak?) More than a kulak, as an estate owner. b) She was at home as n housewife. c) Outside of these advantages I had nothing at all, First of all I had to lie, I couldn't say that my father was a rich person.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule B, Vol. 1, Case 270 (interviewer H.D.). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 2. 2

HD HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFUGEE INTERVIEW PROJECT -2- Ingolstadt 30-50 Peasant movement B Schedule hoz yelled at him and accused him of carrying on kulak agitation. The next day the militia arrested him and after some threats he was let go. He felt that this whole thing was very injust since all the peasants had gone away and he felt that they were picking on him.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 34, Case 494/(NY)1434 (interviewer G.L., type A4). Male, 47, Ukrainian, Village school teacher (headmaster). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 50. 50

It seems that his resentment against injustices done to him as a son of a kulak is very great. On the other hand, perhaps because he had to fight his way against a hostile system, his mentality is characteristic of what one usually expects from a "kulak."

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 26, Case 514 (interviewer A.D., type A4). Male, 25, Ukrainian, Occupation: none (in Army since 1944), shepherd while youth. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 24. 24

# 514 AD HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFUGEE INTERVIEW PROJECT FAMILY SECTION -24- (1) My father was a kulak. But what sort of a kulak was he? He had no farmhands working for him, there was no exploitation of people by him. He did not want to join the kolkhoz, so he was de-kulakized.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 4, Case 32 (interviewer J.R., type A3). Male, over 52, Great Russian, In exile or in concentration camp. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 10. 10

The NKVD command set a price of 50 kopeks for a kilogram of fish as the price paid to fish [[illegible]]. And then the fish was sent to cannery. Water the Kulaks who were fishermen could buy the fish that they had caught, but they had to pay 15 rubles per kilogram, for the canned fish. Many of the Kulaks were employed in the construction of a railroad, 215 kilometer in length, running from Akmolin[[illegible]]k to Karaganda.