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RESULTS: 11 - 20 of 681

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 34, Case 148/(NY)1398 (interviewer W.T., type A4). Female, 45, Ukrainian, Railroad worker. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 16. 16

The politotdel told me I had to leave the job on the railroad because the job was a responsible one and I, as a wife of a former kulak, could not do this job well. Because I and my husband were the best workers and nachalnik always defended us, I remained on the job.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 34, Case 148/(NY)1398 (interviewer W.T., type A4). Female, 45, Ukrainian, Railroad worker. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 20. 20

All this had a great influence and impact on my whole life. As the wife of a former "kulak" and as a daughter of a former "kulak", I was robbed of all goods and of my husband's fortune, expelled from our house and kolkhoz.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 4, Case 32 (interviewer J.R., type A3). Male, over 52, Great Russian, In exile or in concentration camp. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 11. 11

I remember a case were a free local resident married a daughter of an exiled Kulak who was working in the office of the Raion command. Yet the local fellow who married the Kulak's daughter became an exiled person too, that is he acquired the legal status of an exile.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule B, Vol. 19, Case 176 (interviewer R.F.). Widener Library, Harvard University. page 13. 11

(How did you regard people? Did you feel differently toward a kulak, for example, than you did for a middle peasant?) All people are the same to me. I do not care whether they were kulaks or middle peasants or poor peasants or whatever.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 18, Case 342 (interviewer M.L., type A4). Male, 37, Ukrainian, Auto mechanic. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 40. 40

You can call him a Soviet kulak. When I returned on leave next to my cousin there lived the secretary of the District Committee of the Party and he got a high salary and had his own house.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 5, Case 53 (interviewer H.D., type A2). Male, 35, Ukrainian, Peasant. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 14. 15

But then the land was bad for him, because he was classified as a kulak, and life became difficult for him. His father had no hired workers, and was able to manage very easily with his own family. There was no real reason then according to the law to classify the informant's father as a kulak, since he had no hired workers, so the officials resorted to the subterfuge of giving him a very high and very hard tax to pay and in that way they were able to say that he refused to pay his taxes and thus confiscate his land.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 4, Case 32 (interviewer J.R., type A3). Male, over 52, Great Russian, In exile or in concentration camp. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 9. 9

For food they were given flour and potatoes. The principle of exile is not to let the Kulaks set themselves up separately as families but to have them live more or less collectively. The command of the NKVD owned the barracks even though the Kulaks had built them.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 5, Case 47 (interviewer R.F., type A3). Male, 44-52, Ukrainian, Farmer, then unskilled laborer in construction. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 10. 10

(Were all peasants treated in the same way?) Even if you were not a kulak, it was still very bad. If you were a kulak you would be sent to jail, but if you were not, you couldn't get enough to support your family.

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 29, Case 634 (interviewer K.G., type A4). Male, 35, Ukrainian, Garage worker. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 16. 16

634 KG HARVARD UNIVERSITY REFUGEE INTERVIEW PROJECT -16- Government Section means they sentence (audit) him. A. Yes, of course. And who is his father? A Kulak, or a bedniak? (And if a bedniak?) They will only punish the son. But if it is a kulak, they will punish him too. (If his father is a big Party man?)

 

Harvard Project on the Soviet Social System. Schedule A, Vol. 5, Case 48 (interviewer R.F., type A2). Male, 43, Ukrainian, Personnel and administrative work on kolkhoz. Widener Library, Harvard University. page 33. 34

And besides that there were many people who were called kulaks who really weren't kulaks at all, like my father, just ordinary peasants. Yes, and one more thing about the choice of jobs. In 1933 when I was working as head of the cooperative store, 20, 25, even 30 percent of the people in the village were NKVD agents.