RESULTS: 3911 - 3914 of 3914
Chapter 3. Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change. page 3-8. 197
For the United States, GHCN and GISS use the 1200 stations from the U.S. Historic
40 Climate Network (HCN). GHCN uses a homogeneity adjusted version (Peterson et al., 1998), while GISS
41 use a subset of these adjustments (Hansen et al., 2001).
Chapter 2. Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. page 2-31. 80
Second-Order Draft Chapter 2 IPCC WG1 Fourth Assessment Report
1 dioxide from U.S., Europe, Russia, Northern Atlantic Ocean and parts of Africa to South-East Asia and the
2 Indian and Pacific Ocean areas will lead to subsequent shifts in the pattern of the RF (e.g., Boucher and
3 Pham, 2002, Pham et al., 2005).
4
5 The optical parameters of sulphate aerosol have been well documented (see Penner et al., 2001 and
6 references therein).
Chapter 2. Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. page 2-34. 83
Hsu et al. (2003) used SeaWiFs, TOMS and CERES data to
51 show that biomass burning aerosol emitted from S.E. Asia is frequently lifted above the clouds leading to a
-2
52 reduction in reflected solar radiation over cloudy areas by up to 100 W m and points out that this effect
53 could be due to a combination of direct and indirect effects.
Chapter 3. Observations: Surface and Atmosphetic Climate Change. page 3-8. 221
The GISS
41 analysis uses a population-based method to estimate the effects of urbanization (see also Section 3.2.2.2).
42 For the United States, GHCN and GISS both use the 1200 stations from the U.S. Historic Climate Network
43 (HCN), but GHCN uses a homogeneity adjusted version (Peterson et al., 1998), while GISS use a subset of
44 these adjustments (Hansen et al., 2001).